急求新视野大学英语（第二版）3的课文原文

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Unit3

II. Listening Skills Understanding Times and Dates

1. W: Oh, look at the clock. It‘s 5:15. I‘ll be late for Jennifer‘s birthday party! I was supposed to leave at 5 o‘clock. M: Don‘t worry! You still have some time. The clock is twenty minutes fast. Q: What time is it now? 2. W: It‘s 7:50, lazybones, and you‘re going to be late for the meeting. M: God! I was sleeping like a dog. Well, I still have ten minutes. Q: When is the man‘s meeting? 3. M: Thank you, Laura. We‘d like to go to the barbecue with you. What time should we be there W: Some people are coming around 11:00, and we‘re going to play badminton, but we won‘t eat until around 12:30. Q: At what time are they going to eat? 4. M: I knew Dr. Smith‘s birthday was October 26th, but I didn‘t realize it was this Saturday. W: Let‘s give him a surprise party. We could ask him to meet us at his office at 5, and then we could take him to dinner at the restaurant around 5:30. Q: What time does the woman suggest meeting Dr. Smith? 5. M: I just read that Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, when very little was understood about time and energy. W: Absolutely. But when he died on April 18, 1955, people knew a lot more, and nuclear power stations had been built. Q: When was Einstein born? 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B III. Listening In Task 1: A Picture I have a picture that sits on my desk in my bedroom. When I have trouble studying, or I‘m worried about an exam, I just take a look at it. It is a picture of my best friends taken years ago when we were in high school. It reminds me of the good time we‘ve shared and the support their friendship still gives me today. Even though our lives have gone in different directions, the bond we created has kept us close. Every week I get a message on my answering machine from one of them, or a letter in the mail with the latest news or vacation photos. I often get e-mail with a joke for the day, or words of comfort about some problems in my life. My friends have shown up for surprise birthday parties, and one of them even traveled two hours from the other end of town just to watch

my first English speech contest. Our friendship has carried me through a lot of difficult experiences, and has enriched the good ones. It is the kind of friendship that outlasts disagreements, changes, and separation. 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.B Task 2: Problem of Meeting People As a foreign student, I have a number of problems, both academically and socially. The biggest one is meeting people. I feel confident about my ability to cope with problems from my studies, but I‘m not comfortable making friends with other students, especially local ones. Perhaps I‘m worrying unnecessarily, but I find it difficult to talk to them and to make friends. The primary reasons is the language barrier. My English is quite standard and forma, and although that helps me with my academic work, I have trouble understanding other students when they are just talking. It seems to me that in order to meet with other students I really need informal, colloquial English. Besides, there‘s the cultural gap. That‘s why it‘s so difficult for overseas students and native English speaking students to really get to know each other. I really want to overcome this difficulty. I guess the best way to begin is to start talking about course work that we share; and then I could suggest going for a cup of tea or coffee. Over coffee we could get to know each other. Another way would be to join a club, like a tennis club or a photo club, because that immediately gives you something in common with other people there. It gives you a starting point to build on. 1. He has both academic and social problems. 2. He fells confident about his ability to cope with his studies. 3. The language barrier is the main reason why he finds it hard to make friends with local students. 4. It is difficult for overseas students and native English speaking students to really get to know each other because there is the cultural gap. 5. Te best way for the overseas students to actually overcome the difficulty of making friends with native English speaking students is to start talking about course work. Task 3: Long Distance Friendships I have quite a few long distance friendships. How do I maintains these relationships? Well, I believe friendship is very important, But I also think friendship really needs tending—like plants in the garden. It‘s important to keep up to date with my friends, something that‘s hard to do with long distances between us. But over the years I have managed to stay very tight with my friends, even though distances separate us. Jane lives in another city, and she‘s not much for writing letters, so we talk on the phone at least once a week, usually for an hour at a time. We take turns calling each other, so I stay close to her through the phone. My phone bills are high, but I consider them just another living expense, like rent. Other friends I e-mail. I have one friend who just isn‘t into writing letters. I‘ve known her for a long time. We‘ve always considered ourselves friends, but over time I‘ve always been in and out of touch with her. But she is always on-line—e-mail is her thing. Since I‘ve gotten an e-mail address, I e-mail her twice a week. Now, I‘m back in good touch with her. She‘ll often sit down and write me e-mail, but she just wouldn‘t do it with pen and paper. E-mail‘s really a great way to keep in touch with friends. 1.maintain 2.tending 3.date 4.phone 5.turns 6.bills 7.expenses 8.e-mail 10.touch

表示时间的介词称为时间介词。表示时间的介词有：at, on, in, before, after等 。

一
、at, on和in

① at 表示：（在（某时刻、时间 、阶段）
，在……岁时）

My cousin joined the army at fifteen.

我表哥十五岁参的军
。

② on 表示：在（某日），在周末 ，在……节日

He was born on the 15th of August in 1769.

他出生于1769年8月15日。

③ in 表示：在……事后
，在……期间，在……年/月

She went to America in 2000.

她2000年去了美国 。

at, on 和in 作时间介词的比较：

① at 表示具体时间点
。

② on 后可以跟表日期
、星期、节日的词 ，还可以指具体某一天的早 、中
、晚。

③ in 泛指一天的早、中 、晚
，还可以表示一段时间，如：周
、年、月 、季节等 。

二
、before和after

① before 表示：在……之前 before eight o’ clock 八点之前

Spring comes before summer.

夏天之前是春天
。

② after 表示：表示……之后 after lunch 午饭之后

Come to my office after school.

放学后请来我办公室。

表示做某事的方法、手段的介词有by, with, in, at, on 。

一 、by

by表示：用 ，以
，靠，通过……方式
。by表示手段时后接动作或制作方式。“by + 交通工具
”表示交通方式 。

by bike 骑车 by bus 坐公车 by taxi 搭出租

by train 坐火车 by ship 乘船 by air 坐飞机

Linda usually goes to work by subway.

琳达通常做地铁上班。

She makes a living by teaching.

她考教书谋生
。

二、with

with 表示：用 ，以。with表示手段时，后接工具
、材料或具体内容 。

write with a pen 用钢笔写

eat with knife and fork 用刀叉吃

see with one’s eyes 用眼睛看

I killed the fly with a swatter.

我用苍蝇拍打死那只苍蝇
。

She cut the cake with a knife.

她用刀切开了蛋糕。

三、in

in 表示：用
，以 。in表示用某种方式，如：颜色 、笔墨
、语言、声音 、服饰等
。

speak in English 用英语说

talk in a high voice 高声说话

I wrote a letter in ink.

我用钢笔写了一封信。

Try to express yourself in English.

试着用英语表达一下 。

表示空间的介词有：at, in, on, over, above, under, below 等表示静态位置的介词和from, to, up, down, through, across 等表示动态方向的介词
。

一
、at, on 和 in

① at 表示：（地点、位置）在……

② on 表示：（位置）在……上面

③ in 表示：（地点 、位置或空间）在……里 ，在……中
，在……上

Her fans have arrived at the airport.

她的影迷已经到达了机场。

Look at the picture at the top of the page.

请看以下这一项上面的 。

Is my pen on the desk or in the desk?

我的钢笔是在桌子上还是在抽屉里呢？

Some kids are playing in the yard and others are playing in the room.

有些孩子在院子里玩，其他则在房间里玩
。

at ，on 和 in 作空间介词的比较

① at用于表示一个较小的场合
，这个地点被当作一个点来看待。

② on 表示在某一平面或线上，强调与某物体有接触 。

③ in 表示在较大的地方 ，在某立体空间或平面范围之内。

二
、about 和 around

① over 二者都表示：在……周围/各处
，围绕
。但

② above about强调无方向。

We walked about in the town.

我们在城里到处游逛 。

Dudu is running around the fence.

嘟嘟在绕着篱笆跑
。

Let’s plant trees around the house.

让我们在房子周围栽上树。

三、over 和 above

① under 表示：在……正上方，越过

② above 表示：在……上方

I saw a wood bridge over the river.

我看见河上有座木桥 。

Look! Some birds are flying above the clouds.

看！一些鸟儿在云朵上飞翔
。

over和above作空间介词的比较

① over强调在某人或某物的正上方 ，而且两物体表面没有接触。

② above 强调位置上某物体的上方
，并不一定是正上方，而且两物体表面也没有接触 。

四 、under 和 below

① under 表示：在……的正下方

② below 表示：在……下方

Please read the words below the picture.

请读下面的文字
。

Look! A big mouse hides under the armchair.

看！一只大老鼠躲在扶手椅下面。

under 和 below 作空间介词的比较

① under 强调在某物的下方 ，完全覆盖两物体表面可以接触也可以不接触 。

② below 强调位置低于某参照物，但并不一定是正下方
。

五
、between 和 among

① between 表示：（位置、时间 、数量等）在……之间（两者之间）

② among 表示：在……中间（三者或三者以上之间）

I often fly between Beijing and Shanghai.

我经常在北京和上海之间飞来飞去。

Come here between eight and nine o’ clock.

请把点到九点之间过来 。

Susan is among the crowd.

苏珊是人群当中。

六、into 和 out of

① into 表示：进来

② out of 表示：出去

Get out of the room.

从房间里出去！

Bob walked into the room.

鲍勃走进房间
。

He is working in the office.

她在办公室里工作。

七
、behind 和 in front of

① behind 表示：在……后面

② in front of 表示：在……前面

There is a fountain in the front of the park.

公园的前面有一个喷泉 。

Susan sits in front of me and Dudu sits behind me.

苏珊坐在我前面
，嘟嘟坐在我后面
。

八、up 和 down

① up 表示：往上，向……顶上

② down 表示：往下 ，沿着……往下

The monkey is climbing up the tree.

猴子正在往树上爬。

Tears ran down her face.

眼泪从她的脸上流了下来 。

九 、across 和 through

① across 表示：穿过
，跨过

② through表示：穿过，通过

There is a bridge across the river there.

那儿有座桥横跨在河上
。

A train is running through the tunnel.

一列火车正从隧道中穿过。

十
、by 和 near

① by 表示：在……旁边

② near 表示：在……附近

Come over here and stand by me.

过来站在我旁边吧 。

We are planning to camp by the lake.

我们打算到湖边露营
。

There are some big apple trees near the house.

房子附近有一些大苹果树。

The new hospital is near our school.

新医院里我们学校不远 。

十一、其他空间介词

① along 表示：沿着 ，顺着

② to 表示：到……
，去……，向……

Let’s walk along the street.

让我们沿着街散散步
。

We drove along the freeway.

我们驱车沿着高数公路行驶。

The child pointed to the polar star.

那孩子指着北极星 。

I’m going to the bakery.

我想要去那家糕饼店。

*第一个to表示“指”的方向 、目标
。

第二个to表示到达的目的地。

除了按上面介绍表示时间关系
、空间关系、方式 、手段等的介词外 ，还有一些重要的介词:

一
、of 的用法

① of 表示：……的（表示所属、所有关系）

a cover of this book

这本书的封皮

a friend of my parents

我父母的一个朋友

② of 表示：……之中的（表示部分）

some boys of the team

小组里的几个男生

the end of the story

故事的结尾

Two students of our class joined in the match.

我们班里的两个同学参加了这场比赛 。

All of us approved his plan.

我们全都赞成他的计划
。

③ of 表示：……份/量的
，……的种类的（表示量 、种类）

a drop of water

一滴水

a pair of shoes

一双鞋

I want two cups of coffee.

我要两杯咖啡。

二
、with 的用法

① with 表示：具有，有……的 ，随身带着

It is a dog with black spots.

它是一只长着黑色斑点的狗 。

Take an umbrella with you.

带把雨伞吧！

② with表示：和……一起
，同……一起，偕同

I went to Disneyland with my mother.

我和妈妈一起去了迪斯尼乐园
。

Jane likes to play with Mimi.

简喜欢和咪咪玩耍。

③ with 表示：随着……

The wine improves with age.

这种酒越陈越香 。

I get up with the sun every day.

我每天日出就起床
。

三、for 的用法

① for 表示：为了……（表示目的 、用途、利益）

Give me a knife for cutting bread.

给我一把切面包的刀子。

I’ve found it for you.

我已经为你找到了它 。

What can I do for you?

我能为你做些什么吗？

② for 表示：一段距离或时间

He has run for a mile.

他跑了一英里
。

I’ve studied in Beijing for three years.

我在北京学习三年了。

Please bake the cake for 40 minutes.

请将蛋糕烤四十分钟 。

③ for 表示：因为 ，由于（表示原因）

Thank you for your help.

谢谢你的帮助。

Andy jumped for joy at the good news.

安迪听到这个消息高兴的跳了起来
。

We could hardly see for the mist.

由于大雾，我们几乎看不见了。

四
、like 的用法

① like表示：像……（一样）
，似……（一样）

They are like brothers and sisters.

他们情同手足 。

② like 表示：是什么样子，怎样

Andy looks just like his father.

安迪和他爸爸像极了
。

五、from 的用法

① from 表示：（时间或场所）从…… ，自……

We work from Monday to Friday.

我们周一到周五上班。

Charlie will fly from New York to London.

查理要从纽约飞往伦敦 。

The cat jumped down from the top of the wall.

猫从墙头跳了下来
。

② from 表示（两地的距离）离

The nearest hospital is 10 miles from my house.

最近的医院离我家十英里远。

We live about 5 kilometers from Boston.

我们住在离波士顿约五公里的地方 。

③ from 表示：出自……
，来自……

Did you have a (phone) call from him?

你接到他的电话了吗？

Where are you from?

你来自哪里？

Susan got a letter from her aunt.

苏珊收到一封她姨妈的来信
。

六 、at, about, to 和 in 的其他用法

① at 表示：对着……， 朝着…… ，向……（表示方向
，目标）

He threw a bone at the dog.

他用一块骨头砸狗。

Please look at the blackboard.

请看黑板 。

Jack shot at the deer but missed.

杰克朝鹿开了一枪，但是没有打中
。

② about 表示：关于…… ，涉及……

He told me a story about ghosts.

他给我讲了一个鬼故事。

Don’t worry about me.

不要担心我 。

They are talking about English learning.

他们在谈论英语学习。

③ to 表示：对于
，给，向（表示对象）

Jane is always very kind to others.

简总是对别人很友善
。

Please send some food to them.

请给他们送些食品去。

Have you told all the news to John?

你把全部的消息都告诉约翰了吗？

④ in 表示：穿着 ，戴着

Who is the man in black?

那穿黑色衣服的人是谁？

Tom is in a purple hat.

汤姆戴着紫色帽子 。

The girl in uniform is Mary.

穿校服的那个女孩是玛丽
。

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